2nd PUC Romeo And Juliet English Poem Notes Question and Answer Summary

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2nd PUC Romeo And Juliet English Poem Notes Question and Answer Summary

Poem Name : Romeo And Juliet

Author Name : – William Shakespeare

Comprehension I (TEXT BOOK)

Ans : (c) – her beauty surpasses the brightness of light.

Ans : (a) – divine.

Ans : (b) the dance organised by Lord Capulet.

Ans : (c) Romeo feels this is true love.

Ans : (b) – description of Romeo’s charm.

1.7 What do you think the phrase “face of heaven’ signifies?

The phrase “face of heaven’ signifies the moonlit night sky.

Comprehension II (TEXT BOOK)

1.8 What similes does Romeo use to convey Juliet’s beauty?

OR

Romeo’s appreciation of Juliet’s beauty is expressed through images. Explain.

Romeo uses two similes to describe Juliet’s extraordinary beauty. The first simile is deployed in the lines

In these lines, the phrases ‘cheek of night’ and ‘Ethiope’s ear’ apparently refer to the darkness of the night personified as an African/Ethiopian lady. As we know, an African lady is black in complexion. Juliet stands out conspicuously amidst others in the dark night, lit up by torches in the room. There is a stark contrast between the bright and shining complexion of Juliet and the dark night.

In these lines, the comparison is between the ‘snowy dove’ and the ‘crows. Obviously, Juliet Is the snowy dove and the other ladies in the room are crows. ‘Dove’ is a symbol of ‘love’ and beauty; crows have always been considered black and ugly. Naturally, for Romeo, Juliet is the personification of love and beauty. It also implies that the other ladies including Rosaline, with whom he had fallen in love, appear ugly and gross to him. That is why he uses the phrase ‘her fellows, to describe them. These two similes highlight how enchanted Romeo is by her beauty.

1.9 How, according to Juliet, would Romeo be immortalised to the world?

OR

How does Juliet express her love for Romeo?

OR

How does Juliet express her feelings about Romeo?

OR

How does Juliet want to immortalise her love for Romeo?

In her invocation speech to ‘Night’ Juliet invokes night and along with ‘night’ her Romeo also. To her, Romeo is the ‘day’ in night. It also implies that Romeo is her life and so when the night falls, she imagines that he will come gliding upon the wings of night. In these lines ‘night’ is personified as a raven and Romeo is likened to ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back. Juliet favours the arrival of night because it is in the night that Romeo has promised to come. That is why Juliet praises night calling it ‘gentle night’ and ‘loving black browed night’.

Love belongs to Juliet now that she is married, but she does not own it, and she can’t own love until Romeo possesses her. Once she gets her Romeo she does not fear death. Like all mortals, if she dies, Juliet begs fate to set him in heaven with the stars. His presence will make the face of heaven so beautiful that the world will fall in love with ‘night’, and the sun will no longer be worshipped. It also implies that their love will end in their tragic death because of the enmity that exists between the two families. Consequently, the world will come to know about the tragic death of the two lovers and thus Romeo will be immortalized.

Coprehension III (TEXT BOOK)

1.10 Comment on the contrasting imagery in the poem. What purpose does it serve highlighting the intensity of love?

OR

How did Romeo and Juliet express their romantic love feelings for each other?

OR

Both Romeo and Juliet employ contrasting images in their expression of oppreciation in admiration for each other. Elaborate.

The two stanzas in the poem, one by Romeo and the other by Juliet, highlight the intensity the love of the young lovers. This intensity of love is brought out by using the contrasting limagery night and day, black and white, bright jewel and a dark surface, snowy dove, etc. Factually spealina first time in the feast hosted by Lord Capulet. Romeo uses the phrase ‘snowy dove’ to refer to and uses the word ‘crows’ to refer to the ladies in the root Furthermore, Romeo compares Juliet’s brightness with ‘a rich jewel’ hanging the cheek of an Ethiope’s ear. Romeo uses these words to highlight her beauty. It also symbolizes the emotional intensity that he shows towards Juliet.

Similarly, Juliet uses the phrase ‘day in night’ and ‘whiter than new snow on a raven’s back to refer to Romeo. Secondly, she uses the words ‘stars in the night sky’ to refer to Romeo. Literaly speaking, both the meetings between Romeo and Juliet take place at night. Secondly, their meeting has to be a closely guarded secret because of the ‘hostility’ and the ‘enmity’ that exists between the two rival families the Montagues and the Capulets.

When Romeo goes to the Capulet’s party, he goes wearing a mask at night. Similarly, be promises to meet Juliet in her chamber on the wedding night, so as not to be seen by anyone. That is why the word ‘night’ symbolically stands for ‘secrecy’ and ‘caution’ that needs to be exercised in their love affair. Thus the playwright has used the word ‘black’ and ‘night’ to strengthen the emotional situation Thematically speaking, the words ‘day and night’, ‘black and white’, ‘night’ and ‘raven’ are used to evoke the image of ‘death’ whereas ‘white dove’ is a symbol of purity, peace and love: A raven or a ‘black crow’ is considered a bird of ill-omen.

Furthermore, ‘When I shall die’ and ‘cut him out in little stars, and heaven’ are expressions that clearly refer to death and immortality. Thus, the playwright is hinting that the secret love affair between the two rivals will culminate in the tragic death of Romeo and Juliet. It can also be inferred that probably Juliet has a premonition of their impending death because of the fatal attraction between them and the enmity that exists between the two families. Thus, the contrasting imagery serves to highlight the intensity of their love.

1.11 Between Romeo and Juliet, whose love, do you think, is more passionate and intense?

It is clear from their expressions that, of the two lovers, Juliet’s love is more passionate and intense. It is well-known that when Romeo goes to the Capulet’s party, it is with the intention of seeing Rosaline and not Juliet. When he sees Juliet for the first time his exclamations are of one whe is overwhelmed by the sight of someone who is mesmerizingly (bewitchingly) beautiful and are net the yearnings of someone deeply in love.

On the other hand, when Juliet gets to know Romeo after he had touched her hand and kissed ner, Juliet comes to understand what it means to be in love and from then onwards starts feeling the angs of love. Finally, she expresses her love firmly, asking Romeo to marry her. Her love for Romeo Des on increasing in intensity and finally in her ‘invocation to night’ we find someone yearning to be ossessed in love by her husband. She has a premonition of their tragic death which finds expression her request to ‘night’ to set up Romeo amidst the stars in heaven after death so that their love’ gets mortalized.

It is also true that, of the two, though Juliet is younger than Romeo, she is more mature and passionate in deciding to get married to Romeo. She accepts Romeo as her partner despite being fully aware of the enmity that exists between the two families.

On the contrary, Romeo, though older than Juliet, is infatuated with Rosaline and is disappointed that she does not reciprocate his love. Only when he meets Juliet who reciprocates his love does he understand what it is to be really in love. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is Juliet who is more passionate and intense in love than Romeo.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:

I. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80-100 words each:

1.12 How does Romeo glorify Juliet’s flawless beauty?

OR

How does Romeo describe Juliet?

OR

How does Romeo describe Juliet’s beauty?

OR

How is Romeo mesmerised by the beauty of Juliet?

OR

Juliet’s beauty was too rich for use. How does Romeo describe this?

OR

How does Romeo immortalise the eternal beauty of Juliet?

The moment Romeo catches sight of Juliet, he is enchanted by her flawless beauty. Immediately he exclaims in wonder and says that she teaches the torches (that have lit up the room) to burn bright. Then noticing her conspicuous brightness in the night, he says that she appears like a precious jewel hanging in the ears of an Ethiopian. Finally, seeing that she outshone every other lady in the room, he says that she was like a snowy white dove trooping with crows. He tells himself that he had never felt so much in love because he had never seen anyone truly beautiful like Juliet until that night.

1.13 How does Juliet want people to forget the shining sun? Why?

OR

How does Juliet immortalise Romeo?

Juliet was eager to be with Romeo. So, she invokes both the night and Romeo to come along with it so that he comes to her unseen by others. She believes that Romeo is ‘day in night’ to her and hence his presence alone will make her night bright to her. Then, once she is possessed by Romeo, her ‘love’ will have been realized. Later, after her death, she wants the ‘night’ to set up Romeo amongst the stars so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and make the people forget the shining sun. This way she wants their love to be immortalized.

1.14 Romeo claims to have never seen true beauty till he saw Juliet. How does he justify this statement?

OR

Why does Romeo say he never saw true beauty till that night? Explain.

OR

How did Romeo express his love for Juliet?

OR

OR

‘Love is blind’. Elaborate this statement with reference to the extract from ‘Romeo and Juliet’.

Romeo and Juliet happen to see each other for the first time in the hall where the dancers have gathered The moment Romeo sets his eyes on Juliet, he is so charmed by her beauty that be stands sport and rapturously praises her beauty it is might and the room is with the Rom overwhelmed by the beauty of Juliet and so he exclaims and says that Juliet is brighter than the ne of the torches, Next, he compares Juliet to a jeweled earring hanging against the cherk of an Africas He then praises her beauty likening Juliet to a white dove in the midst of a flock of crows He that he had never felt so much in love because he had never seen anyone truly beaut until that night. Romeo is so overwhelmed by her beauty that he tells himself that when that dance over, he will watch her where she stands and will touch her hand and make his coarse hand blessed.

1.15 Why, according to juliet, would all the world stop paying worship to the garish sun? Explain.

Juliet, who has married Romeo in secret, is waiting impatiently for the arrival of right and along with it her love, Romeo, when their marriage will get consummated. Now, Juliet is intensely in love with Romeo and feels passionate for him to possess her so that she can own ‘love’. But the day appears to be moving very slowly and she apparently blames the sun for delaying her union with Romeo. Secondly, her natural longing to be with Romeo makes her blame the sun for being lurid and obtrusively bright.

Once the night arrives, and along with it Romeo, their love gets consummated. After her death she expects Romeo to go to the heavens like a star. She believes that her Romeo will make the face of heaven so fine that the whole world will fall in love with night.

1.16 How is the intensity of love between Romeo and Juliet brought out in the poem?

OR

Feelings of Romeo and Juliet for each other are expressed with intensity. Discuss.

OR

How does Shakespeare glorify the intense love of Romeo and Juliet?

The intensity of love between Romeo and Juliet is brought out in Juliet’s soliloquy in which she addresses Romeo as ‘day in night. She imagines night as a bird and believes that Romeo will come gliding on the wings of night like ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back. Then, addressing the ‘night’ as ‘gentle night’ and ‘black-browed night, she implores it to bring her Romeo to her. Next, she asks the night to set Romeo up in heaven as a star so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and charming She hopes that when that happens, ‘all the world will be in love with night, and will not pay attention to the overbright or lurid sun. In short, love belongs to Juliet now that she is married, but she does not own it, and she can’t own love until Romeo possesses her. That is why there is so much longing and impatience in her request to night.

1.17 How does Juliet express her love for Romeo?

OR

How does Juliet express her feelings about Romeo?

OR

How does Juliet glorify Romeo’s charm?

The intensity of love between Romeo and Juliet is brought out in Juliet’s soliloquy in which she addresses Romeo as ‘day in night. She imagines night as a bird and believes that Romeo will come gliding on the wings of night like ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back. Then, addressing the ‘night’ as ‘gentle might’ and ‘black-browed night, she implores it to bring her Romeo to her. Next, she asks the night o set Romeo up in heaven as a star so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and charming The hopes that when that happens, ‘all the world will be in love with night, and will not pay attentiom the overbright or lurid sun.

1.18 Why does Juliet want Romeo to be cut out in little stars?

Once Juliet gets her Romeo, she does not fear death. Like all mortals, if she dies, Juliet begs fate to set him in heaven with the stars. His presence will make the face of heaven so beautiful that the world will fall in love with ‘night, and the sun will no longer be worshipped. It also implies that their love will end in their tragic death because of the enmity that exists between the two families. Consequently, the world will come to know about the tragic death of the two lovers and thus Romeo will be immortalized.

1.19 How does Juliet glorify her love for Romeo through her address to night?

Soon after her marriage to Romeo, Juliet comes home and waits anxiously for the arrival of night so that their love is consummated. She implores night to come soon and along with it bring her Romeo. Once she gets her Romeo, she does not fear death. Like all mortals, if she dies, juliet begs fate to set him in heaven with the stars. His presence will make the face of heaven so beautiful that the world will fall in love with ‘night, and the sun will no longer be worshipped. It also implies that their love will end in their tragic death because of the enmity that exists between the two families. Consequently, the world will come to know about the tragic death of the two lovers and thus Romeo will be immortalized.

II. Answer the following questions in about 200 words each:

1.20 ‘Romeo and Juliet’ provides an insight into the use of poetic devices in expressing human feelings. Explain.

In this lesson, there are two soliloquies, one by Romeo and the other by Juliet. The first soliloquy is taken from Act I, Scene V and the second from Act III, Scene II of Romeo and Juliet, a romantic tragedy by William Shakespeare. The language used by Shakespeare in these soliloquies is exceptionally creative and provides insight into his use of poetic devices in expressing human feelings.

In Act 1, Scene V, Romeo is attending a dance party hosted by Old Lord Capulet. Romeo is seen gazing at some dancers on the dance floor. When Romeo sees Juliet, he is so fascinated by her beauty that he asks a servant who the lady is. When the servant tells him that he does not know who she is, Romeo stands apart and rapturously praises her beauty.

In this soliloquy, one witnesses the ebullient outpourings of a dreamy, young lover who has fallen in love with a beautiful, young lady at first sight. Shakespeare captures both the excitement and wonder the lovers feel on this occasion, in extraordinary language which abounds in poetic devices.

Line one is hyperbolic. The use of hyperbole is quite appropriate in this context because it is the voice of a young lover who sees before him a beautiful girl who symbolizes his aesthetic sense of what beauty ought to be like. In line 2, Juliet is likened to an ear ring, thus making it a simile. The ear ring hangs upon the cheek of night. Here ‘night’ is personified as a black lady. Thus, we see the use of personification as a device. The meaning is stretched further in the next line, and thus in lines 2 and 3, we see the use of enjambment as a poetic device. (‘Enjambment’ refers to the running over of the sense and grammatical structure from one verse line or couplet to the next without a punctuated pause.) The extended meaning is expected to further highlight the beauty of Juliet using a sharp contrast in the description of the personified night as an Ethiopian lady’s ear ring. We find another instance of enjambment in lines 5 and 6. Dove is a symbol of love and a snowy dove is a symbol of peace. This highlights the pristine love of the two young lovers. The snowy dove trooping with ‘crows’ is again a sharp contrast between the other ladies in the hall and the brightness of Juliet. This contrast is to present a striking visual spectacle before the audience.

Thus, the whole stretch of this soliloquy is an extended metaphor expressing the emotional Intensity of a lover who has fallen in love at first sight. In the next two lines, in the phrases ‘my rude hand’ and ‘my heart’ we find the use of ‘synecdoche. The word ‘rude’ is tactile imagery. In the last line, the word ‘Beauty’, is a metaphor for Juliet. Finally, in the sentence ‘Did my heart love till now?” we find Romeo’s realization that his love for Rosaline was only infatuation – a sensual feeling for a lady devoid of all emotions, whereas now he is in the throes of real love.

The next soliloquy is by Juliet (Act III Scene I). In this scene, Joliet is now waiting for Romes In this beautiful speech, we begin to understand the fullness of Juliet’s love

In the first line, Juliet is addressing night’ as an entity, night is personified. Thus, there are ten poetic devices used here an apostrophe and personification. The poet wants to highlight Romed’s brightness as seen by Juliet when he comes to visit her in the night.

In line 1, ‘come, night, come, thou day in night there is a form of parallelism called atyndetow (It is a form of verbal compression which consists of the omission of connecting words between clauses) Next, Juliet calls Romeo ‘day-in-night’ which is a metaphor

In the second line ‘night’ is personified as a bird. In the next line, the bird is mentioned as a ‘raven” and Romeo’s brightness or white complexion is compared with new snow on the raven’s hack Here, there is a simile. In the fourth line also “night’ is personified, Juliet describes night as having black eyebrows, like a human being. Finally, in line 7, we see personification in the phrase “lace of heaven In line 8, we see the use of ‘metonymy’ in the phrase ‘all the world will be in love with night it means to say that all the people in the world will be in love with night.

Thus, Shakespeare uses emotive language to associate it with the theme of love to demonstrate Romeo’s love/feelings for Juliet and to create drama. Thus, one can undoubtedly say that Romeo and Juliet provides an insight into the use of poetic devices.

1.21 Juliet’s love for Romeo finds expression in exaggeration. Explain.

It would be very unfair to Shakespeare’s mastery of the poetic art and also to fuller’s characterization if we were to conclude that Juliet’s love for Romeo finds expression in exaggeration

It is worth noting that both the actions – Romeo meeting Juliet in the dance hall and Juliet waiting for Romeo, happen at night. Secondly, both lovers are young, innocent, dreamy and inexperienced in love Both of them have entered a new world and until their love for each other is secured through consummation, the playwright cannot show them in any other mood other than portraying their longing for each other in emotive language. Moreover, both of them have fallen in love at first sight and naturally, their emotional outpourings must contain a description of their physical beauty.

Since it is a play, the playwright has to make his language overcharged with emotion so as to dramatize the situation. Naturally, Juliet’s language is hyperbolic. Though ‘hyperbole’ is generally defined as ‘exaggeration, it is not in the ordinary sense. Here ‘hyperbole’ is a poetic device and it has been appropriately used for enhancing the dramatic effect. One must also remember that plays are meant to be performed. Therefore, while reading a play one must also visualize the action. Therefore, whatever Juliet says is not an exaggeration but the emotional outpourings of a young lady who has met her lover for the first time and that too only for a short time. In this context, her longing for Romeo comes out in poetic language.

In Juliet’s soliloquy in Act III scene II, Juliet is now waiting for Romeo. From this speech, we begin to understand the fullness of Juliet’s love. She desires the act of love, not just for physical pleasure, but because it represents for her the pinnacle of marriage. Juliet has met a lover for the first time in her life and this experience of nascent love in an innocent, virgin maiden finds its best expression in this soliloquy.

In the first line, Juliet is addressing ‘night’ as an entity, and night is personified. Thus, there are two poetic devices used here – an apostrophe and personification. Here Shakespeare is using them for contrast and emphasis. The poet wants to highlight Romeo’s brightness as seen by Juliet when he comes to visit her in the night. Next, Juliet calls Romeo ‘day-in-night’ which is a metaphor.

In the second line ‘night’ is personified as a bird. In the next line, the bird is mentioned as a ‘raven’ and Romeo’s brightness or white complexion is compared with the new snow on the raven’s back. Here, there is a simile. In the fourth line also ‘night’ is personified. Juliet describes night as having black eyebrows, like a human being. In line 7 we see ‘personification’ in the phrase ‘face of heaven. We see the use of ‘metonymy’ in the phrase ‘the world will be in love with night, which means to say that all the people of the world will be in love with night. In view of the situation that is being presented, exaggeration is quite appropriate.

EXTRA MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1.1 Answer the following questions by choosing the right option:

1. According to Romeo, _________ teaches the torches to burn bright.

a) Juliet

b) Rosaline

c) Capulet

d) Montague

2. The phrase, ‘teach the torches to burn bright’ suggests.

a) Juliet’s glow is brighter than the light of the torch

b) her beauty is capable of enabling the torches to burn bright

c) her beauty surpasses the brightness of light

d) contrast between the shining complexion of Juliet and the dark night

3. According to Romeo, Juliet teaches _________ to burn bright.

a) the torches

b) the sun

c) the moon

d) the stars

4. According to _________, Juliet teaches the torches to burn bright.

a) Montague

b) Rosaline

c) Romeo

d) Capulet

5. According to Romeo, _________ hangs upon the cheek of night.

a) Juliet

b) Ethiope’s ear

c) Rosaline

d) Capulet

6. Juliet teaches the torches to _________

a) move gently

b) burn bright

c) add beauty to heaven

d) fly like the raven

7. Romeo compares _________ to a ‘rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear.

a) Montague

b) Rosaline

c) Juliet

d) Capulet

8. Romeo compares Juliet to _________ in an Ethiope’s ear.

a) earrings

b) a rich jewel

c) rubies

d) little stars

9. The beauty described as ‘too dear for earth’ refers to _________

a) Rosaline

b) Juliet

c) stars

d) face of heaven

10. According to Romeo, the beauty of _________ is too rich for use

OR

“Beauty too rich for use“ refers to _________

a) Rosaline

b) stars

c) heaven

d) Juliet

11. Romeo compares _________ to a ‘snowy dove’.

OR

_________ is compared to a snowy dove.

a) Rosaline

b) Juliet

c) a raven

d) an Ethiope

12. ‘For earth too dear’ suggests that the lady’s beauty is _________

a) divine

b) rare

c) expensive

d) Invaluable

13. Which bird does Romeo compare Juliet to?

OR

Juliet is compared to a ________ trooping with crows.

a) Crow

b) Snowy dove

c) Raven

d) Pigeon

14. The phrase ‘snowy dove’ refers to _________

a) an African lady

b) Rosaline

c) Montague

d) Juliet

15. Romeo compares the women in the room other than Juliet to _________

a) white doves

b) bright torches

c) rich jewels

d) crows

16. Romeo compares _________ to crows.

a) the Ethiope’s ear

b) the raven’s back

c) other ladies in the hall

d) Juliet

17. “The measure done”, connotes the completion of _________

a) Romeo’s admiration of Juliet’s beauty

b) the glorification of Juliet’s charm

c) the dance organised by Lord Capulet

d) the invocation to the night

18. Romeo addresses _________ as ‘yonder lady’.

a) Rosaline

b) Juliet

c) the African lady

d) heaven

19. After the dance is over, Romeo intends to _________

a) meet and talk to Juliet

b) meet Rosaline

c) touch Juliet’s hand

d) watch Juliet’s place of stand

20. After the measure is done, Romeo intends to ________

OR

As soon as the dance is over, Romeo wants to _________

a) touch Juliet’s hand

b) leave the party

c) marry Rosaline

d) dance with Juliet

21. According to Romeo, when he touches Juliet’s hand, _________

a) the face of heaven will become beautiful

b) the torches will burn brighter

c) he will be set up in heaven with the stars

d) his coarse hand will be blessed

22. The rude hand of _________ would be made blessed by touching Juliet’s hard.

a) Montague

b) Capulet

c) Rosaline

d) Romeo

23. According to Romeo, his hand will be blessed when _________

a) he kisses Juliet’s hand

b) he touches Juliet’s hand

c) he holds Juliet’s hand

d) he dances with Jullet

24. According to Romeo, until he saw Juliet _________

a) he had not seen new snow on a raven’s back

b) he had not seen what true beauty was

c) he had not seen a white dove among crows

d) he had not seen the torches burning brighter

25. “For I never saw true beauty till this night”. Here true beauty’ refers to _________

OR

The phrase ‘true beauty’ refers to _________

a) beauty of the stars

b) beauty of the new snow

c) Juliet’s beauty

d) Romeo’s beauty

26. The Iine, ‘Did my heart love till now?’ conveys _________

a) Romeo feels he has fallen in love

b) Romeo has been attracted before

c) Romeo feels this is true love

d) Romeo has not been attracted before

27. Juliet calls _________ ‘day in night:

a) the torches

b) the raven

c) the rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear

d) Romeo

28. Juliet associates _________ with the ‘coming of night’

a) the raven

b) Romeo

c) the crow

d) the torches

29. Juliet calls Romeo ‘day in night’ because _________

a) his presence will shine out against the darkness

b) his presence will make the torches burn brighter

c) he will shine like the stars in the night sky

d) he comes only after the sun sets

30. Juliet expects Romeo to come at _________

a) night

b) day

c) dawn

d) dusk

31. The phrase ‘day in night’ refers to _________

a) Juliet

b) Rosaline

c) Romeo

d) the sun

32. According to Juliet, _________ lies upon the wings of night.

a) Capulet

b) Romeo

c) Montague

d) Rosaline

33. _________ will come gliding on the wings of night.

a) Juliet

b) Rosaline

c) Romeo

d) New snow

34. The phrase ‘new snow’ suggests _________

a) love as pure as snow

b) Romeo’s charm

c) Juliet’s discreet love for Romeo

d) Rosaline’s charm

35. _________ is ‘whiter than new snow on a raven’s back’:

OR

_________ is compared to new snow on a raven’s back.

a) Romeo

b) Capulet

c) Rosaline

d) Montague

36. According to Juliet, _________ will lie upon the wings of night and come gliding to her.

a) Montague

b) Rosaline

c) Capulet

d) Romeo

37. Juliet asks the loving, black- browed night to _________

a) set Romeo up among the stars

b) bring snow on a raven’s back

c) being her Romeo to her

d) not pay attention to the garish sun

38. According to Juliet, Romeo looks like new snow on a _________ back.

a) dove’s

b) crow’s

c) Ethiope’s

d) raven’s

39. Whom does Juliet associate with the coming of night?

a) Romeo

b) Resaline

c) Raven

d) Stars

40. Juliet wants Romeo to be cut out in little stars _________

a) at the coming of night

b) after her death

c) before he tooches her hand

d) before she marries him

41. Juliet wents Romeo to be set up in heaven with the stars _________

a) after her death

b) after he marries her

c) after the party is over

d) after night arrives

42. Juliet wants Romeo to be cut into _________ after her death.

a) earrings

b) diamonds

c) little stars

d) gems

43. Juliet wants Romeo to be immortalised _________

a) as stars in heaven

b) as new snow on a raven’s back

c) as the garish sun

d) as a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear

44. After her death, Juliet wants Romeo to _________

a) fall in love again

b) hang upon the cheek of night

c) make his hand blessed by touching her

d) be set up in heaven amidst the stars

45. According to Juliet, Romeo will make the face of _________ so fine

a) earth

b) moon

c) sky

d) heaven

46. The phrase face of heaven’ signifies _________.

a) Juliet’s beauty

b) the moonlit sky

c) Romeo’s charm

d) Rosaline’s charm

47. The world will be in love with night when _________

a) Romeo meets Juliet at night

b) Romeo makes the face of heaven so fine

c) Romeo is cut into stars

d) the torches burn brighter

48. According to Juliet, _________ will make the face of heaven so fine.

a) Rosaline

b) Capulet

c) Romeo

d) the stars

49. Juliet says that all the world will be in love with _________

a) the little stars

b) heaven

c) the garish sun

d) night

50. According to Juliet, all the world will be in love with night when _________

a) Romeo lies upon the wings of night

b) Romeo comes gliding on the wings of night

c) Romeo is set up among the stars in heaven

d) the stars shine in the sky

51. When Romeo shines like a star in the face of heaven, the world will _________ according to Juliet,

a) worship the garish sun

b) fall in love with night

c) keep staring at heaven

d) worship the moon

52. When Romeo goes to heaven as a star, people will stop worshipping _________

a) the sun

b) the moon

c) the stars

d) God

53. According to Juliet, people would forget to worship _________

a) the garish sun

b) the gentle night

c) god

d) heaven

54. Romeo calls _________ a snowy dove tromping with crows.

OR

Romeo calls _________ a white dove in the middle of a flock of crows.

a) the moon

b) Juliet

c) Rosaline

d) the garish sun

55. Romeo will make the face of heaven fine that the world will stop paying attention to the _________

a) moon

b) raven

c) dove

d) sun

56. What, according to Romeo, was not seen by him until he saw Juliet?

a) True love

b) Face of heaven

c) True beauty

d) Day in night

57. According to Juliet, _________ shall be cut into little stars after her death.

a) Rosaline

b) heaven

c) Romeo

d) the garish sun

58. Juliet hangs upon the cheek of night _________.

a) as a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear

b) like a white dove among crows

c) like new snow on a raven’s back

d) like the stars in the moonlit sky

59. Romeo and Juliet’s first meeting was at _________

a) Montague’s feast

b) Friar Lawrence’s cell

c) Capulet’s garden

d) Lord Capulet’s party

60. Juliet wishes that _________ Shall take Romeo and cut him out into littel stars after her death.

a) garish sun

b) raven

c) night

d) snowy dove

61. According to Romeo, Juliet’s beauty surpasses the brightness of the _________

a) sun

b) torches

c) stars

d) rich jewel

62. According to Juliet, Romeo is whiter than _________

a) raven’s back

b) stars

c) moonlit sky

d) new snow

63. As a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear, Juliet shines on the __________ of night.

a) wings

b) face

c) cheek

d) ear

64. The word ‘garish” is associated with _________ in the poem ‘Romeo and Juliet’.

a) Romeo

b) Sun

c) Juliet

d) Night

About the poet:

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. He is often called England’s national poet and the ‘Bard of Avon. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, in 1564. Very little is known about his life, but by 1592 he was in London working as an actor and a dramatist. Between about 1590 and 1613, Shakespeare wrote at least 37 plays and collaborated on several more. Many of these plays were very successful both at court and in public playhouses. In 1613, Shakespeare retired from the theatre and returned to Stratford-upon-Avon. He died and was buried there in 1616. Shakespeare wrote plays and poems. His plays, 37 in number, were comedies, histories and tragedies. His 17 comedies include ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ and ‘The Merry Wives of Windsor. Among his 10 history plays are ‘Henry V’ and ‘Richard III. The most famous among his 10 tragedies are ‘Hamlet’, ‘Othello’, and ‘King Lear. Shakespeare’s best-known poems are ‘Venus and Adonis, “The Rape of Lucrece’ and the Sonnets, 154 in all.

Background-1

(‘Romeo and Juliet’ presents the tragic story of two young lovers Romeo and Juliet, who belong to two powerful noble families of Verona, the Montagues and the Capulets. The two noble families harbour grudges against each other and have been fighting each other as sworn enemies for a long time.

The action starts with a street brawl between the servants of the two rival families, who are later joined by the heads of the families, the Montagues and the Capulets, themselves. Prince Escalus, who arrives on the scene, admonishes them, restores order, and threatens death to any member of either family found indulging in street fights, in the future. Then he leaves the place taking Lord Capulet along with him. Only Lord and Lady Montague and Benvolio, their nephew, remain there as the others depart. Lord Montague tells Benvolio that Romeo has been in a bad mood for quite a while, weeping and mooning, staying out all night but going into the house as soon as the sun rises, locking himself in his room with the curtains drawn as if to make ‘himself an artificial night. Benvolio assures him that he will attempt to find out what is bothering Romeo.

Next, we find Paris, a young relative of Prince Escalus, engaged in a conversation with Lord Capulet. Paris wishes to marry 14-year-old Juliet, the only daughter of the Capulets. Lord Capulet tells Paris that Juliet is yet too young to marry, but tells Paris that he will not oppose the marriage if Paris can win Juliet’s consent. Incidentally, Lord Capulet invites Paris to a feast to be held at his house that evening.

Meanwhile, Benvolio meets Romeo and learns that Romeo is madly in love with Rosaline, who does not love him and insists on remaining chaste.

Next, we learn that Lord Capulet has given his servant a list of guests whom he has to see and ensure that they are invited to the Capulets’ party that evening. But the servant cannot read the names in the list and hence asks two strangers in the street to read. The two strangers are none other than Romeo and Benvolio. Romeo reads out the names of the guests and incidentally learns that fair Rosaline, with whom he is madly in love, is also one of the guests at the party. Romeo and Benvolio decide to crash the party. As planned, Romeo and Benvolio gain entry into the retinue of masked entertainers and torchbearers. party along with a

While the guests are engaged in dancing, Romeo happens to see Juliet dancing with a gentleman Romeo is awestruck by her beauty and tries to find out from a servant, who she is. It is at this juncture that Romeo says these lines,

The lines spoken by Romeo are taken from Act I Scene V when Romeo happens to see Juliet for the first time at the party hosted by the Capulets. Both Romeo nor Juliet do not know each ether]

Summary-1 Romeo’s speech

Romeo stands apart and rapturously praises her beauty. His words appear to come from meone who has not seen anyone so beautiful as Juliet before. It is night and the room is lit with ches Romeo exclaims and says that Juliet is brighter than the blaze of the torches. It implies that her rightness outshines the torches and has lit up the hall. In the next two lines again there is a reference the darkness of the night and the brightly shining lady. Romeo compares Juliet to a jeweled ear he hanging against the cheek of an African. Here again, it implies that Juliet is conspicuously seen idst others because of her brightness. Romeo is so enchanted with her goddess-like beauty that he Aclares that she is too beautiful for this world and too beautiful to die and be buried. In the next line.

eulogizes her beauty saying that she outshines the other women like a white dove in the middle of Back of crows. Romeo is so overwhelmed by her beauty that he tells himself that when that dance is ever he will watch her where she stands and will touch her hand and make his coarse hand (compared toluber’s) blessed. Then he asks himself a question whether his heart loved anyone before that moment Then be tells himself that if it was true then he would renounce it because he had never felt so much in love because he had never seen anyone truly beautiful like Juliet until that night.

Background-11

(Having slipped away from his friends, Romeo lingers in Capulet’s garden under Juliet’s window, and overhears her confess to the stars that she loves him. He reveals his presence to her, and in an ardent love scene, they resolve to be married secretly. The next day, Juliet sends her nurse, of whom she has made a confidante, to make final arrangements, and the wedding is performed at the cell of Friar Laurence, Romeo’s friend. The two lovers depart hoping to meet each other in Juliet’s chamber that night.

Returning from his wedding, Romeo comes upon his friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, in an altercation with Tybalt, who has been seeking Romeo because of his intrusion at the ball. Tybalt does his best to pick a fight, but Romeo, remembering that now Tybalt is his kinsman, refuses to quarrel. Mercutio, however, who does not understand Romeo’s softness, takes the quarrel upon himself, and when Romeo and Benvolio try to beat down their weapons is slain by Tybalt. Aroused by the death of his best friend, Romeo throws aside his lenity, slays Tybalt, and flees as the angry citizens begin to gather.

Then we come to Act III Scene II, where we find Juliet waiting in her father’s orchard for her husband, Romeo’s, arrival. Juliet, unaware of what has just happened, waits out the passing of the day. She is more impatient than ever, for, that night Romeo is to come to her as her husband. At the opening of the scene, Juliet delivers an impassioned soliloquy, popularly known as ‘Juliet’s invocation to the night. In her soliloquy, Juliet urges the sun on to its setting in the West, so that night may arrive sooner She longs for the shelter of darkness when Romeo can come to her unseen. The dark suits lovers for love, is blind and the beauty of lovers is enough light for them. There are 31 lines in this soliloqu but only 9 lines (lines 17 to 25) are prescribed for your study.

Whereas Romeo’s speech highlights the mesmerising physical beauty of Juliet, Juliet’s soliloqu highlights Juliet’s intensity of love for Romeo.

Summary – II Juliet’s soliloquy

In these nine lines, Juliet invokes both ‘night’ and ‘Romeo’ as well. She addresses Romeo as ‘day in night’ because his presence will shine out against the darkness. She visualizes night as a bird and believes that Romeo will come gliding on the wings of night like ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back. She addresses the night appealingly calling it ‘gentle night’ and ‘black-browed night. She implores it to bring her Romeo to her. After that, when she dies, she asks the night to take him and set him up in heaven with the stars so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and charming. She hopes that when that happens ‘all the world will be in love with night, and it will not pay attention to the overbright or lurid sun.’

The soliloquy is based on the unifying images of night and light. Juliet courts this night, which by its darkness will allow Romeo’s safe journey to her. The only light she needs is Romeo himself, who is ‘day in night. The light of the day and the ‘garish sun’ offer nothing to her, they are only ‘tedious. It is night that is loving, for it blesses her love with its darkriess and silence and lets that love shine out. Even the stars, emblems of the fate she does not recognize, seem to be good to her. Romeo will be made eternal by the stars. Juliet’s speech is like singing in the face of death. Thus, Juliet hastens the coming of her wedding night.

In short, love belongs to Juliet, now that she is married, but she does not own it, and she can’t own love until Romeo possesses her. That is why she is waiting now as Impatiently as a child waits for a festival.

ಸಾರಾಂಶ:

ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಭಾಗವನ್ನು ಷೇಕ್‌ಸ್ವಿಯರ್ ಮಹಾಕವಿಯ ‘ರೋಮಿಯೋ ಜೂಲಿಯೆಟ್’ ನಾಟಕದಿಂದ ಆಯ್ದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲಾಗಿದೆ.

ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ-1:

ಇಟಲಿಯ ವೆರೋನಾ ಎಂಬ ಊರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಂಟೆಗೋ ಮತ್ತು ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ಯುಲೆಟ್ ಎಂಬ ಎರಡು ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ ಮನೆತನಗಳಿದ್ದವು. ಈ ಎರಡೂ ಮನೆತನಗಳ ನಡುವೆ ಬದ್ಧದ್ವೇಷವಿತ್ತು, ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಆಪ್ತ ವರ್ಗದವರಿಂದ ಹಿಡಿದು ಸೇವಕರವರೆಗೆ ಯಾರೊಬ್ಬರು ಎದುರು ಬದುರಾದರೂ ಹೊಡೆದಾಟಕ್ಕೆ ನಿಲ್ಲುವಷ್ಟು ದ್ವೇಷ ಅವರಲ್ಲಿತ್ತು.

ರೋಮಿಯೋ ಮಾಂಟೆಗೋನ ಮಗ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಭೆಯುವಕ. ಆತ ರೋಸಲಿನ್ ಎಂಬ ಯುವತಿಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರೇಮಿಸಿದ್ದ. ಆದರೆ ಆಕೆ ಅದನ್ನು ತಿರಸ್ಕರಿಸಿದಳು. ಇದರಿಂದ ರೋಮಿಯೋ ದುಃಖಿತನಾಗಿದ್ದ. ಆ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ರೋಮಿಯೋನ ಗೆಳೆಯ ನಾದ ಬೆನ್ನೋಲಿಯೋ ರೋಸಲಿನ್‌ಳ ಯೋಚನೆಬಿಟ್ಟು ಇತರ ಚಲುವೆಯರ ಕಡೆ ಗಮನಹರಿಸು, ಆಗ ಆಕೆ ಹಂಸವಲ್ಲ ಕಾಗೆ ಎಂದು ಗೊತ್ತಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ಸಲಹೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಇದೇ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ಟುಲೆಟ್ಟನ ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ನೃತ್ಯಗೋಷ್ಠಿ ವಿರ್ಪಾಡಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ. ಆ ಗೋಷ್ಠಿಗೆ ರೋಸಲಿನಳೂ ಬರುವವಳಿರುತ್ತಾಳೆ. ಅದು ಮುಖವಾಡ ಧರಿಸಿದ ನೃತ್ಯಗೋಷ್ಠಿಯಾದ್ದರಿಂದ ತನ್ನನ್ನು ಯಾರೂ ಗುರುತಿಸಲಾರರು ಎಂಬ ಧೈಯ್ಯದಿಂದ ರೋಮಿಯೋ ಆ ನೃತ್ಯಕೂಟಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಆತ ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ಟುಲೆಟನ ಮಗಳಾದ ಜೂಲಿಯಟ್ಕಳನ್ನು ಮೊಟ್ಟಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ನೋಡುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಆ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಅವಳ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಆತ ಆಡಿದ ಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನು ಪಠ್ಯವಸ್ತುವಾಗಿ ಇಡಲಾಗಿದೆ.

ಸಾರಾಂಶ-1: ರೋಮಿಯೋನ ಭಾಷಣ:

(ರಾತ್ರಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದುದರಿಂದ ನೃತ್ಯಗೋಷ್ಠಿಯ ಸಭಾಂಗಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳಕಿಗಾಗಿ ಅಲ್ಲಲ್ಲಿ ದೀವಟಿಗೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹಚ್ಚಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ಅನೇಕ ತರುಣ-ತರುಣಿಯರು ನರ್ತಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು. ಆ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಜೂಲಿಯಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಕಂಡು ರೋಮಿಯೋ ಆಡುವ ಮಾತುಗಳಿವು)

“ಓಹ್, ಈಕೆ ದೀವಟಿಗೆಗಳಿಗೂ ಉಜ್ವಲವಾಗಿ ಬೆಳಗುವುದು ಹೇಗೆ ಎಂದು ಕಲಿಸಿಕೊಡುವಷ್ಟು ಸುಂದರಿ. ಇಥಿಯೋಪಿಯಾದ ಮಹಿಳೆಯ ಕೆನ್ನೆಗೆ ಜೋತುಬಿದ್ದ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯ ಕರ್ಣಾಭರಣದಂತೆ ಪ್ರಕಾಶಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಳೆ. ಈಕೆಯ ಸೌಂದಯ್ಯ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ ಮನುಷ್ಯರಿಗೆ ಎಟಕುವಂತಹುದಲ್ಲ, ದೇವಲೋಕದ್ದು. ಕಾಗೆಗಳ ಹಿಂಡಿನೊಳಗೆ ಇರುವ ಹಿಮಶ್ವೇತ ವರ್ಣದ ಪಾರಿವಾಳದಂತೆ ಈಕೆ ಪ್ರಕಾಶಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಳೆ. ಈ ನೃತ್ಯದ ಕಾಯಕ್ರಮ ಮುಗಿದ ಮೇಲೆ ಈಕೆ ಯಾರು, ಅವಳು ನೆಲೆಸಿರುವುದೆಲ್ಲಿ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪತ್ತೆಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ಅವಳ ಹೂವಿನಂತಹ ಕೈಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ಪರ್ಶಿಸುವ ಮೂಲಕ ನನ್ನ ಒರಟು ಕೈಗಳಿಗೆ ಸ್ವರ್ಗಸುಖ ಸಿಗುವಂತೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ಈವರೆಗೆ ನಾನು ಯಾರನ್ನು ಪ್ರೀತಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದೆನೋ ಆ ಪ್ರೀತಿಯನ್ನು ನನ್ನ ಹೃದಯದಿಂದ ಗಡಿಪಾರು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇನೆ. ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಇಷ್ಟು ಉಜ್ವಲವಾದ ಸೌಂದಯ್ಯವನ್ನು ನಾನು ಕಾಣುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಇದೇ ಮೊದಲು.”

ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ-2:

ತಾವಿಬ್ಬರೂ ವೈರಿಪಕ್ಷದವರೆಂದು ತಿಳಿದರೂ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಇತರರ ವಿರೋಧದ ನಡುವಯೂ ರೋಮಿಯೋ- ಜೂಲಿಯಟ್‌ ಗುಟ್ಟಾಗಿ ಮದುವೆಯಾಗುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಮದುವೆಯಿಂದ ಹಿಂತಿರುಗುವಾಗ ಜೂಲಿಯಟ್‌ಳ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಯಾದ ಟೈಬಾಲ್ಟ್‌ ಎಂಬುವನು ರೋಮಿಯೋನ ಕಾಲ್ಕೆರೆದು ಜಗಳಕ್ಕೆ ಬರುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅವರಿಬ್ಬರ ನಡುವೆ ಕದನವಾಗಿ ಟೈಬಾಲ್ಟ್‌ ರೋಮಿಯೋನಿಂದ ಹತನಾಗುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಈ ತಪ್ಪಿಗಾಗಿ ರಾಜಬ=ನು ರೋಮಿಯೋನನ್ನು ಗಡಿಪಾರು ಶಿಕ್ಷೆಗೆ ಒಳಪಡಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಈ ಯಾವ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನೂ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಜೂಲಿಯಟ್‌ ತನ್ನ ಕೋಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ರೋಮಿಯೋನ ಬರವಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಿರುವಳು. ಆಗಿನ ಅವಳ ಸ್ವಗತ (Soliloquy) ವನ್ನು ಪಠ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಳವಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.

ಸಾರಾಂಶ-2: ಜೂಲಿಯಟ್‌ನ ಸ್ವಗತ:

ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಜೂಲಿಯಟ್‌ ರೋಮಿಯೋನನ್ನು ರಾತ್ರಿಯನ್ನು ಬೆಳಗಬರುವ ಹಗಲಿಗೆ ಹೋಲಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಳೆ. ಆಕೆ ರಾತ್ರಿಯನ್ನು ʼಕರಿಹುಬ್ಬಿನ ಪ್ರಿಯರಾತ್ರಿʼ ಎಂದು ಸಂಬೋಧಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಅದು ಆಕೆಗೆ ರೋಮಿಯೋನನ್ನು ತಂದುಕೊಡುವುದರಿಂದ ರಾತ್ರಿಯನ್ನು ಅವಳು ʼಉದಾರಿʼ ಎಂದು ಕರೆದಿದ್ದಾಳೆ. ರೋಮಿಯೋನ ಆಸೆ ಆಕಾಂಕ್ಷೆಗಳು ಆಗಷ್ಟೇ ಸುರಿದ ಹಿಮಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಶ್ವೇತ ಶುಭ್ರ ವೆಂದು ಆಕೆ ವರ್ಣಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಳೆ. “ನನ್ನ ನಿಧನದ ನಂತರ ಅವನನ್ನು ಮಿನುಗುವ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರಪುಂಜವಾಗಿ ರೂಪಿಸು ಆಗ ಅವರು ಸ್ವರ್ಗದ ಮುಖಕ್ಕೆ ದಿವ್ಯಶೋಭೆಯನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಇಡಿಯ ಜಗತ್ತು ಆಗ ಕಣ್ಣನ್ನು ಕೋರೈಸುವ ಸೂರನ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ರಾತ್ರಿಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರೀತಿ, ಸಂಭ್ರಮಗಳಿಂದ ಕಾಣುತ್ತಾರೆ” ಎಂದು ಆಕೆ ತನಗೆ ತಾನೇ ಹೇಳಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾಳೆ.

Glossary:

Doth (archaic) : does

Ethiope : an African

Yonder : over there

Measure done : dance ended

Thou (archaic) : you

Rude : roughly formed

Garish : lurid, obtrusively bright

too rich for use : too splendid for common wear

my rude hand : my hand which will be guilty of profanity in venturing to touch hers

forswear it, sight! : he appeals to his eyes to disclaim having ever before seen real beauty